Injectable bioadhesive and lubricating hydrogel with polyphenol mediated single atom nanozyme for rheumatoid arthritis therapy

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic autoimmune condition accompanied by lubrication dysfunction, inflammatory infiltration, and cartilage wear. Long-term improvements in joint lubrication, inflammation elimination, and worn cartilage repair are crucial for effective RA treatment. Herein, we present an injectable bioadhesive and lubricating hydrogel containing a dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid (DA-HA) network, sulfonated hyaluronic acid (SO3−-HA) network, and kartogenin (KGN)-grafted dopamine-hybridized graphene quantum dot-supported Cu single-atom nanozyme (DAGQD@Cu@KGN SAN) designed to restore cartilage lubrication and repair worn cartilage in RA. DA within the hydrogel networks provides…