articleNature PhotonicsMar 21, 2025HYBRID OA

Three-dimensional photonic integration for ultra-low-energy, high-bandwidth interchip data links

Columbia University · Dartmouth College · +3 more institutions

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Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) hardware is positioned to unlock revolutionary computational abilities by leveraging vast distributed networks of advanced semiconductor chips. However, a barrier for AI scaling is the disproportionately high energy and chip area required to transmit data between the chips. Here we present a solution to this long-standing overhead through dense three-dimensional (3D) integration of photonics and electronics. With 80 photonic transmitters and receivers occupying a combined chip footprint of only 0.3 mm2, our platform achieves an order-of-magnitude-greater number of 3D-integrated channels than prior demonstrations. This enables both high-bandwidth (800 Gb s−1) and highly efficient,…

Citation impact

69
total citations
FWCI
39.57
Percentile
100%
References
43
Citations per year

Authors

13

Topics & keywords

Keywords
  • Photonics
  • Bandwidth (computing)
  • Optoelectronics
  • 3D optical data storage
  • Materials science
  • Computer science
  • Telecommunications
UN Sustainable Development Goals
  • Affordable and clean energy
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