Sustainable Carbon‐Based Catalyst Materials Derived From Lignocellulosic Biomass for Energy Storage and Conversion: Atomic Modulation and Properties Improvement

ABSTRACT Carbon electrocatalyst materials based on lignocellulosic biomass with multi‐components, various dimensions, high carbon content, and hierarchical morphology structures have gained great popularity in electrocatalytic applications recently. Due to the catalytic deficiency of neutral carbon atoms, the usage of single lignocellulosic‐based carbon materials in electrocatalysis involving energy storage and conversion presents unsatisfactory applicability. However, atomic‐level modulation of lignocellulose‐based carbon materials can optimize the electronic structures, charge separation, transfer processes, and so forth, which results in substantially enhanced electrocatalytic performance of carbon‐based…