Innovative green and bio-based approaches for photosensitive nanoparticle synthesis: a review on methodologies, characterization, and applications

Abstract The increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly technologies has recently led to the development of green and bio-based synthesis methods for a broad range of nanoparticles (NPs). This is because these methods are non-toxic, biocompatible, and cost-effective. Photosensitive nanoparticles (PSNPs) have gained popularity due to their photo-responsive properties. PSNPs have also been found to be promising nanomaterials with applications in optoelectronics, photocatalysis, photovoltaics, bioimaging, drug delivery, and cancer treatment. However, conventional synthesis methods for PSNPs raise concerns about their environmental impact. To address these challenges, researchers have explored alternative…