Advanced Nanoparticles in Combating Antibiotic Resistance: Current Innovations and Future Directions

Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health challenge, undermining the effectiveness of conventional treatments and increasing mortality rates worldwide. Factors such as the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture, along with poor infection control practices, have accelerated the emergence of resistant bacterial strains. The stagnation in the development of new antibiotics, compounded by economic and biological challenges, has necessitated alternative approaches to combat resistant infections. Nanotechnology provides a promising solution using nanoparticles (NPs), which combat bacteria through mechanisms like membrane disruption and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.…