A systematic review on environmental DNA (eDNA) Science: An eco-friendly survey method for conservation and restoration of fragile ecosystems

• eDNA is a genetic mixture of different living organisms often referred to as a genetic shake. • eDNA approach is an environmentally friendly and non-invasive survey method. • eDNA represents all DNA present in the environment derived from biological tissue fragments and excrement. • eDNA metabarcoding characterizes the DNA of various species from a single eDNA sample. The conservation and restoration of fragile ecosystems and their genetic resources depends on precisely assessing species diversity and richness, understanding spatiotemporal dynamics, and stock structure analysis. Traditional monitoring methods like visual surveys, physical captures, individual counting, sibling or cryptic species…