Principles of green chemistry: building a sustainable future

Green chemistry is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on minimizing hazardous substances and promoting sustainable alternatives in chemical processes to conventional chemical processes and products. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental principles, historical development, and practical applications of green chemistry with a particular emphasis on its role in advancing sustainable chemical synthesis, analytical methodologies, and industrial practices. Originating from the environmental activism of the 1960 s inspired by Rachel Carson's"Silent Spring,"green chemistry was formally established in the 1990 s through the 12 principles set by Paul Anastas and John C. Warner. These…