Sustainable synthesis of nanomaterials using different renewable sources

Abstract Background The synthesis of nanomaterials has traditionally relied on methods that pose significant environmental risks due to high-energy demands, hazardous chemicals, and waste generation. For instance, conventional techniques such as chemical vapor deposition and the sol–gel process are known for their high-energy consumption and the production of toxic by-products. This context emphasizes the importance of sustainability in nanomaterial synthesis, leading to a shift toward more eco-friendly methods that integrate principles of green chemistry to lessen the influence on the environment. This transition addresses the harmful effects associated with traditional approaches and promotes the use of…