Gut commensal Bifidobacterium-derived extracellular vesicles modulate the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 in lung cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although immunotherapy such as anti-programmed death-1 and its ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) is a standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), many patients do not derive benefit directly. Several studies have elucidated new strategies to improve the antitumor immune response through gut microbiota modulation. However, it remains largely debatable regarding how gut microbiota remotely affect lung cancer microenvironment and subsequently modulate immunotherapy response. Here we show that commensal Bifidobacterium-derived extracellular vesicles (Bif.BEVs) can modulate the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1 therapy in NSCLC. These…

• NS
  National Science Foundation

  Awards: DBI-1943291, 1943291, CAREER
• NI
  National Institutes of Health

  Awards: U54 HD 090216, NIH U54, P20GM130423, P20GM104936, 1S10RR027564, 1S10OD023625
• NI
  National Institute of General Medical Sciences

  Awards: 1S10RR027564, P20GM130423, JEOL JEM-1400, P20GM104936