Reprogramming the breast tumor immune microenvironment: cold-to-hot transition for enhanced immunotherapy

This review discusses reprogramming the breast tumor immune microenvironment from an immunosuppressive cold state to an immunologically active hot state. A complex interplay is revealed, in which the accumulation of metabolic byproducts-such as lactate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ammonia-is shown to impair T-cell function and promote tumor immune escape. It is demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is dominated by immunosuppressive cytokines, including interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factorβ (TGFβ), and IL-35. Notably, IL-35 is produced by regulatory T cells and breast cancer cells. The conversion of conventional T cells into IL-35-producing induced regulatory T cells, along…

• ZS
  Zhejiang Shuren University

  Award: KXJ1723104