Nanoparticles for drug delivery: Insight into in vitro and in vivo drug release from nanomedicines

Nanotechnology enables the achievement of the desired outcomes of nano-formulations, and the mode of drug delivery from the nanoparticles can significantly impact the efficacy of the embedded drug. This article reviews the various types of nanoparticles, methods of evaluating the drug release, in vitro-in vivo correlation, and regulatory challenges associated with nano-formulations. Nanoparticles have been classified into organic, inorganic, and hybrid nanoparticles. Several techniques, such as separated flow, continuous flow, and dialysis methods, have been utilized to assess nano-formulations' in vitro release. In vivo drug release evaluations in biological systems have also been demonstrated. Such…