Enhancing soil health through balanced fertilization: a pathway to sustainable agriculture and food security

Sustainable soil health management is pivotal for advancing agricultural productivity and ensuring global food security. This review comprehensively evaluates the effects of mineral-organic fertilizer ratios on soil microbial communities, enzymatic dynamics, functional gene abundance, and holistic soil health. By integrating bioinformatics, enzyme activity assays, and metagenomic analyses, we demonstrate that balanced fertilization significantly enhances microbial diversity, community stability, and functional resilience against environmental stressors. Specifically, the synergistic application of mineral and organic fertilizers elevates β -glucosidase and urease activities, accelerating organic matter…