2024 American College of Rheumatology ( ACR ) Guideline for the Screening, Treatment, and Management of Lupus Nephritis

The objective is to provide evidence-based and expert guidance for the screening, treatment, and management of lupus nephritis.

The Core Team developed clinical questions for screening, treatment, and management of lupus nephritis using the PICO format (population, intervention, comparator, and outcome). Systematic literature reviews were completed for each PICO question, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to assess the quality of evidence and to formulate recommendations. The Voting Panel achieved a consensus ≥70% on the direction (for or against) and strength (strong or conditional) of each recommendation.