Ethical and legal considerations in healthcare AI: innovation and policy for safe and fair use

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare by enhancing diagnostics, personalizing medicine and improving surgical precision. However, its integration into healthcare systems raises significant ethical and legal challenges. This review explores key ethical principles-autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, transparency and accountability-highlighting their relevance in AI-driven decision-making. Legal challenges, including data privacy and security, liability for AI errors, regulatory approval processes, intellectual property and cross-border regulations, are also addressed. As AI systems become increasingly autonomous, questions of responsibility and fairness must be carefully…