A Global Review of the Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on Agricultural Productivity and Farmers' Adaptation Strategies

Climate change and variability-marked by rising temperatures, altered precipitation, and increased extreme weather-have significant impacts on agriculture, especially in Ethiopia, where farming is the primary livelihood source. In Sub-Saharan Africa, staple crop yields are projected to decline by 10%-20% by 2050 under current climate trends, threatening food security and rural economies. In Ethiopia, maize yields may decrease by around 15% by 2050 due to temperature increases and erratic rainfall. These challenges are not unique to Ethiopia; other climate-sensitive regions like South Asia and Latin America face similar risks. For instance, rice and wheat production in South Asia could decline by 10%-15% by…