Revised Preferred Reporting of Case Series in Surgery (PROCESS) Guideline: An Update for the Age of Artificial Intelligence

INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare and scientific publishing. Reporting guidelines need to be updated to take this advancement into account. The PROCESS Guideline 2025 update adds a new AI-focused domain to promote transparency, reproducibility, and ethical integrity in surgical case series involving AI. METHODS A Delphi consensus exercise was conducted to update the PROCESS guidelines. The panel comprised 49 surgical and scientific experts, who were invited to rate proposed new items. In Round 1, participants scored each item on a nine-point Likert scale and provided feedback. Items not meeting consensus were revised or discarded. RESULTS A 92% response rate occurred…