Revised Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) Guideline: An Update for the Age of Artificial Intelligence

INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare and scientific publishing. Reporting guidelines need to be updated to consider this advance.The SCARE Guideline 2025 update introduces a new AI-focused domain to promote transparency, reproducibility, and ethical integrity in surgical case reports (SCAREs) involving AI. METHODS A Delphi consensus exercise was conducted to update the SCARE guidelines. A panel of 49 surgical and scientific experts was invited to rate proposed new items. In round 1, participants scored each item on a nine-point Likert scale and provided feedback. Items not meeting consensus were revised or discarded. RESULTS A 94% response rate occurred amongst…