articleNature CommunicationsMay 29, 2025GOLD OA

Hexafluorophosphate additive enables durable seawater oxidation at ampere-level current density

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Sichuan University · +3 more institutions

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Abstract

Abstract Direct seawater electrolysis at ampere-level current densities, powered by coastal/offshore renewables, is an attractive avenue for sustainable hydrogen production but is undermined by chloride-induced anode degradation. Here we demonstrate the use of hexafluorophosphate (PF₆⁻) as an electrolyte additive to overcome this limitation, achieving prolonged operation for over 5,000 hours at 1 A cm −2 and 2300 hours at 2 A cm −2 using NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) as anode. Together with the experimental findings, PF₆⁻ can intercalate into LDH interlayers and adsorb onto the electrode surface under an applied electric field, blocking Cl⁻ and stabilizing Fe to prevent segregation. The…

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