Nanotoxicity unveiled: Evaluating exposure risks and assessing the impact of nanoparticles on human health

• This review explores the dual-edged nature of nanotechnology, showcasing its significant health risks to human health and the environment. • It emphasizes how nanoparticles can induce reactive oxygen species, triggering oxidative stress, inflammation, and disturbances in cellular antioxidant defenses. • Fundamental physicochemical properties like size, shape, and surface charge are discussed for their critical role in determining nanoparticle toxicity. • The paper also highlights nanoparticles’ ability to cross physiological barriers, potentially accumulating in various organs and associated toxicities. • This paper discusses various methods for assessing toxicity and examines the current landscape of…

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  ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute