Large language models for disease diagnosis: a scoping review

Automatic disease diagnosis has become increasingly valuable in clinical practice. The advent of large language models (LLMs) has catalyzed a paradigm shift in artificial intelligence, with growing evidence supporting the efficacy of LLMs in diagnostic tasks. Despite the increasing attention in this field, a holistic view is still lacking. Many critical aspects remain unclear, such as the diseases and clinical data to which LLMs have been applied, the LLM techniques employed, and the evaluation methods used. In this article, we perform a comprehensive review of LLM-based methods for disease diagnosis. Our review examines the existing literature across various dimensions, including disease types and associated…

• NI
  National Institutes of Health

  Awards: R01AG078154, R01AT009457
• NI
  National Institute on Aging

  Award: R01AG078154
• NC
  National Cancer Institute

  Award: R01CA287413
• NC
  National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health

  Award: R01AT009457