reviewnpj Metabolic Health and DiseaseJun 18, 2025DIAMOND OA

The role of NAD+ metabolism and its modulation of mitochondria in aging and disease

National University of Singapore · Amsterdam Neuroscience · +1 more institution

PubMed
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Abstract

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme involved in a plethora of physiological reactions, with a key relevance in supporting mitochondrial function. Due to its critical role in these cellular processes, declining levels of NAD+ are associated with general aging and chronic disorders, including cognitive decline, sarcopenia, and metabolic diseases. These conditions are also typified by loss of mitochondrial health through dysfunction of homeostatic components such as mitophagy, unfolded protein response, and the antioxidant system. Therefore, raising cellular NAD+ through vitamin B3 family precursors or via drug-based interventions has become a broadly used strategy to restore mitochondrial and…

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