Stable and uniform self-assembled organic diradical molecules for perovskite photovoltaics

Organic self-assembled molecules (SAMs), which are widely used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), should exhibit enhanced performance to support the ongoing advancement of perovskite photovoltaics. We designed diradical SAMs through a coplanar conjugation of a donor-acceptor strategy to facilitate hole transport across the SAMs. The diradical SAMs exhibited high photothermal and electrochemical stability as well as improved assembly uniformity and large-area solution processability attributed to molecular steric hindrance design. We used an advanced scanning electrochemical cell microscopy–thin-layer cyclic voltammetry technique to accurately determine the carrier transfer rate, stability, and assembly…