A Review of Water Quality Forecasting and Classification Using Machine Learning Models and Statistical Analysis

The prediction and management of water quality are critical to ensure sustainable water resources, particularly in regions like Malaysia, where rivers face increasing pollution from industrialisation, agriculture, and urban expansion. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of machine learning (ML) models and statistical methods applied in forecasting and classification of water quality. A particular focus is given to hybrid models that integrate multiple approaches to improve predictive accuracy and robustness. This study also reviews water quality standards and highlights the environmental context that necessitates advanced predictive tools. Statistical techniques such as residual analysis,…

• MU
  Multimedia University

  Award: MMUE/210013
• MO
  Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia

  Awards: FRGS/1/2024/WAS02/USIM/02/1, FRGS/1/
• US
  Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia