Extracellular Vesicles for Clinical Diagnostics: From Bulk Measurements to Single-Vesicle Analysis

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication, signaling pathways, and disease pathogenesis by transporting biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids derived from their cells of origin, and they have demonstrated substantial potential in clinical applications. Their clinical significance underscores the need for sensitive methods to fully harness their diagnostic potential. In this comprehensive review, we explore EV heterogeneity related to biogenesis, structure, content, origin, sample type, and function roles; the use of EVs as disease biomarkers; and the evolving landscape of EV measurement for clinical diagnostics, highlighting the progression from bulk…

• UD
  U.S. Department of Defense

  Award: W8IXWH1910926
• NC
  National Cancer Institute

  Award: U01CA252965
• NI
  National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

  Awards: R01AI177986, R01AI144168, R01AI179714, R01AI173021, R01AI174964, R01AI175618
• NI
  National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  Award: R21NS130542
• EK
  Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

  Awards: R01HD103511, R01HD090927