A comprehensive review/expert statement on environmental risk factors of cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality globally, with over 20 million deaths each year. While traditional risk factors-such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and poor diet-are well-established, emerging evidence underscores the profound impact of environmental exposures on cardiovascular health. Air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), contributes to approximately 8.3 million deaths annually, with over half attributed to CVD. Similarly, noise pollution, heat extremes, toxic chemicals, and light pollution significantly increase the risk of CVD through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and circadian disruption. Recent translational and…

• SM
  Stiftung Mainzer Herz
• EC
  European Commission

  Award: 101156161
• SE
  Singapore Eye Research Institute
• EH
  European Health and Digital Executive Agency