Sol–Gel-Synthesized Metal Oxide Nanostructures: Advancements and Prospects for Spintronic Applications—A Comprehensive Review

Spintronics, an interdisciplinary field merging magnetism and electronics, has attracted considerable interest due to its potential to transform data storage, logic devices, and emerging quantum technologies. Among the materials explored for spintronic applications, metal oxide nanostructures synthesized via sol–gel methods offer a unique combination of low-cost processing, structural tunability, and defect-mediated magnetic control. This comprehensive review presents a critical overview of recent advances in sol–gel-derived magnetic oxides, such as Co-doped ZnO, La1−xSrxMnO3, Fe3O4, NiFe2O4, and transition-metal-doped TiO2, with emphasis on synthesis strategies, the dopant distribution, and room-temperature…