4D Printing of Magnetically Responsive Shape Memory Polymers: Toward Sustainable Solutions in Soft Robotics, Wearables, and Biomedical Devices

Abstract The fusion of 4D printing and magneto‐responsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) is unlocking new frontiers in remote actuation, reconfigurable materials, and multifunctional structures. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in the fabrication, material selection, and application of these smart materials. The discussion encompasses the primary 3D printing techniques utilized for processing magneto‐responsive SMPs, including material extrusion, vat photopolymerization, and powder bed fusion. A critical comparison of fabrication methods highlights the influence of melt mixing and solvent casting on filler dispersion, mechanical performance, and actuation efficiency.…