An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems including rare variants
National Institutes of Health · United States National Library of Medicine · +31 more institutions
Abstract
The known diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems continues to expand. To encompass new discoveries, here we present an updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems. The updated CRISPR-Cas classification includes 2 classes, 7 types and 46 subtypes, compared with the 6 types and 33 subtypes in our previous survey 5 years ago. In addition, a classification of the cyclic oligoadenylate-dependent signalling pathway in type III systems is presented. We also discuss recently characterized alternative CRISPR-Cas functionalities, notably, type IV variants that cleave the target DNA and type V variants that inhibit the target replication without cleavage. Analysis of the abundance of CRISPR-Cas variants in genomes…
Citation impact
- FWCI
- 27.46
- Percentile
- 100%
- References
- 76
Authors
29- KSKira S. MakarovaCorresponding
National Institutes of Health, United States National Library of Medicine
- SSSergey Shmakov
National Research University Higher School of Economics, National Institutes of Health, United States National Library of Medicine
- YIYuri I. Wolf
National Institutes of Health, United States National Library of Medicine
- PMPascal Mutz
National Institutes of Health, United States National Library of Medicine
- HAHan Altae-Tran
University of Washington
Topics & keywords
- Genome
- Gene
- Cleave
- DNA
- Replication (statistics)
- Phylogenetics
- Genomics
Funding
- UOUniversity of Washington
- GIGladstone Institutes
- VFVillum FondenAward: VIL60763
- CICalifornia Institute for Quantitative Biosciences
- BIBroad Institute
- URUK Research and Innovation
- IGInnovative Genomics Institute
- ECEuropean CommissionAwards: 101158249, 10.13039/501100011033, 865973, 13039/501100011033, 501100011033, AEI/10.13039/501100011033
- DFDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftAwards: SFB 1597/1, SFB 1597
- TUTechnische Universiteit Delft
- GVGeneralitat ValencianaAward: 501100011033
- NNNovo Nordisk
- NRNational Research University Higher School of Economics
- JWJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- NNNovo Nordisk FondenAward: NNF18OC0052965
- HLH. Lundbeck A/S
- NINational Institutes of HealthAward: R35GM118160
- NSNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaAward: AEI/10.13039/501100011033
- EREuropean Regional Development FundAwards: 10.13039/501100011033, 13039/501100011033, AEI/10.13039/501100011033, 501100011033
- AEAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónAwards: AEI/10.13039/501100011033, 501100011033, 10.13039/501100011033, 13039, 10.13039, AEI/10, 13039/501100011033, AEI/10.
- UNU.S. National Library of Medicine
- NDNHLBI Division of Intramural Research