Improved solvent systems for commercially viable perovskite photovoltaic modules

Commercializing perovskite photovoltaics requires overcoming three critical barriers: the use of toxic solvents in manufacturing, variations in perovskite film quality across large areas, and limited operational reliability. Here, we address these challenges by developing a green solvent-based (γ-valerolactone/2-methyl tetrahydrofuran/dimethylsulfoxide) ink and a solvent-confinement edge-protection strategy, demonstrating large-scale manufacturing of defect-minimized perovskite films under ambient-air conditions. These approaches enabled the production of 7200-square-centimeter perovskite photovoltaic modules that achieved a total-area steady-state efficiency of 17.2% (certified by the National Renewable…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Award: U21A2076
• CP
  China Postdoctoral Science Foundation

  Awards: 2023M731579, BX20230157
• NS
  Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province

  Awards: BE2022021, BE2022026, BK20232022
• FC
  Frontiers Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Kansas

  Awards: 2024ZD06, DLTD2109
• NK
  National Key Research and Development Program of China

  Award: 2022YFB4200304
• FR
  Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

  Awards: 0213/14380206, 0205/14380252
• NS
  National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars

  Award: T2325016