articleNatureFeb 4, 2026HYBRID OA

Measuring spin correlation between quarks during QCD confinement

BEB. E. AboonaJAJ. AdamLAL. AdamczykIAI. AggarwalMMM. M. Aggarwal

Texas A&M University · Czech Technical University in Prague · +71 more institutions

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Abstract

The vacuum is now understood to have a rich and complex structure, characterized by fluctuating energy fields1 and a condensate of virtual quark–antiquark pairs. The spontaneous breaking of the approximate chiral symmetry2, signalled by the nonvanishing quark condensate $$\langle q\bar{q}\rangle $$ , is dynamically generated through topologically nontrivial gauge configurations such as instantons3. The precise mechanism linking the chiral symmetry breaking to the mass generation associated with quark confinement4 remains a profound open question in quantum chromodynamics (QCD)—the fundamental theory of strong interaction. High-energy proton–proton collisions could liberate virtual quark–antiquark pairs from…

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Authors

391
  • BE
    B. E. AboonaCorresponding

    Texas A&M University

  • JA
    J. Adam

    Czech Technical University in Prague

  • LA
    L. Adamczyk

    AGH University of Krakow

  • IA
    I. Aggarwal

    Panjab University

  • MM
    M. M. Aggarwal

    Panjab University

Topics & keywords

Keywords
  • Quantum chromodynamics
  • Color confinement
  • Quark
  • QCD vacuum
  • Chiral symmetry breaking
  • Hyperon
  • Top quark
  • Symmetry breaking
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