The Gene Ontology knowledgebase in 2026

The Gene Ontology (GO) knowledgebase (https://geneontology.org) is a comprehensive resource describing the functions of genes. The GO knowledgebase is regularly updated and improved. We describe here the major updates that have been made in the past 3 years. The ontology and annotations have been expanded and revised, particularly in several areas of biology: cellular metabolism, multi-organism interactions (e.g. host-pathogen), extracellular matrix proteins, chromatin remodeling (e.g. the "histone code"), and noncoding RNA functions. We have released version 2 of a comprehensive set of integrated, reviewed annotations for human genes, which we call the "functionome." We have also dramatically increased the…

• UD
  U.S. Department of Energy

  Award: DE-AC02-05CH11231
• UD
  U.S. Department of Agriculture
• WT
  Wellcome Trust

  Award: 218 236/Z/19/Z
• EM
  European Molecular Biology Laboratory
• NI
  National Institutes of Health

  Awards: U24HG007822, U01HG012680
• DA
  Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

  Award: U24HG010859
• MR
  Medical Research Council

  Award: MR/W024233/1
• BA
  Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

  Awards: BB/S01781X/1, BB/T010541/1
• SF
  Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation
• UB
  UCLH Biomedical Research Centre
• NI
  National Institute on Aging
• NH
  National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
• NH
  National Human Genome Research Institute

  Awards: U24HG012198, U41HG002273, U24HG000330, U24HG001315, U24HG002659, U24HG011851, R01HL064541, U24HG002223, U24HG012212, U41HG000739
• NE
  National Eye Institute
• NC
  National Cancer Institute
• NI
  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
• NI
  National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
• NI
  National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
• BE
  Basic Energy Sciences