Avoiding Attack: The Evolutionary Ecology of Crypsis, Warning Signals and Mimicry

AVOIDING DETECTION 1. Background Matching 2. Disruptive Coloration 3. Countershading 4. Transparency and Silvering SIGNALLING UNPROFITABILITY 5. Secondary Defences 6. Signalling to Predators 7. The Form and Function of Warning Displays 8. The Initial Evolution of Warning Displays 9. The Evolution and Maintenance of Mullerian Mimicry DECEIVING PREDATORS 10. The Evolution and Maintenance of Batesian Mimicry 11. The Relationship Between Batesian and Mullerian Mimicry 12. Other Forms of Adaptive Resemblance 13. Deflection and Startling of Predators 14. General Conclusions Appendix 1: A summary of mathematical and computer models that deal with Mullerian mimcry Appendix 2: A summary of mathematical and computer…