Advances in 3D Organoids and Organ‐on‐a‐Chip Systems for Biomedical Research

Traditional 2D cell cultures and animal models have served as the foundations of biomedical research. These have significant limitations in modeling human physiology and predicting outcomes of therapy. Recent developments in 3D organoids and organ-on-chip technologies have shifted the field by enabling human relevant dynamic and scalable platforms for disease modeling and drug discovery and toxicity evaluation. Organoids derived from either stem cells or patient samples accurately recreate complex cellular structure and function found in human organs. The combination of organoids with organ-on-chip systems, or micro-engineered devices that closely simulate the interactions between distinct organ types…