Antibiotic Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Related Enterobacterales: Molecular Mechanisms, Mobile Elements, and Therapeutic Challenges

Drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and related Enterobacterales represent an escalating global public health threat, increasingly limiting therapeutic options in both healthcare- and community-associated infections. This review summarizes how resistance in K. pneumoniae emerges from the synergy of intrinsic barriers and acquired determinants. Key molecular mechanisms include reduced permeability via porin remodeling (notably OmpK35/OmpK36), multidrug efflux (e.g., AcrAB-TolC and OqxAB), and enzymatic drug inactivation driven by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases (e.g., KPC, OXA-48-like enzymes, and metallo-beta-lactamases). We also highlight clinically meaningful pathways underlying…

• UP
  Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci

  Award: IGA_LF_2025_022