articleBiocharJan 4, 2026GOLD OA

Application and mechanisms of biochar-immobilized enzymes in environmental remediation: a review

East China University of Science and Technology · Nano Carbon (Poland) · +1 more institution

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Abstract

Abstract As environmental pollution becomes an increasingly severe issue, the technology of enzyme immobilization on biochar has emerged as a promising solution for water and soil pollution remediation due to its efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. This review systematically examines the preparation methods, adaptation mechanisms, and applications of biochar-immobilized enzymes for pollutant removal. It focuses on the interaction between enzymes and biochar carriers, the selection of immobilization techniques, and the stability of immobilized enzymes. Biochar, as a carrier, offers advantages such as low cost, high specific surface area, and a variety of surface functional groups,…

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