Hole-Transport Layer for High Current Density and Stability of Sn–Pb Perovskites and All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

Sn–Pb perovskites are essential for achieving efficient single-junction solar cells and all-perovskite tandem solar cells (APTSCs). Although Sn oxidation and defective surfaces were once major limitations, recent advances in intrinsic material quality have largely mitigated these issues. As a result, the HTL-related interface is now regarded as the primary bottleneck for device performance. To address the intrinsic drawbacks of PEDOT:PSS, chemical surface modification and additive strategies have been widely applied, and alternative HTLs, like polymeric, inorganic, or small-molecule HTLs, have also gained attention. These approaches offer improved energy-level alignment, high transparency, and enhanced…

• NR
  National Research Foundation of Korea

  Awards: RS-2023-00302646, RS-2024-00451371
• KI
  Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning

  Award: 20214000000680
• SE
  Solar Energy Technologies Office
• NR
  National Renewable Energy Laboratory

  Award: DE-AC36-08GO28308