A Critical Review on Desalination Technologies for High-Salinity Wastewater: Development and Challenges

The ongoing expansion of industrial operations has resulted in the generation of a large amount of high-salinity wastewater with complex compositions. The direct discharge of this wastewater poses significant threats to ecosystems and leads to the loss of valuable salt resources, for example, triggering freshwater salinization syndrome and mobilizing heavy metals to form toxic "chemical cocktails", leading to the loss of valuable salt resources. Desalination of high-salinity wastewater primarily involves two key processes: concentration and crystallization, whereby a concentrated brine is first obtained through membrane-based or thermal methods, followed by salt recovery via crystallization. This review begins…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Award: 52570067
• CU
  Chongqing University
• HI
  Harbin Institute of Technology

  Award: ES202416
• NS
  Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing

  Awards: CSTB2023NSCQ, CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX1090
• SK
  State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment

  Award: ES202416
• CS
  Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment