Integrated analysis of detoxification pathways and hepatotoxicity of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum)

Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are emerging contaminants (ECs) of growing concern in marine ecosystems, yet their detoxification and hepatotoxicity in marine invertebrates remain largely unknown. Here, we integrated transcriptomic profiling, in silico prediction, and experimental validation to characterize the detoxification of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in Ruditapes philippinarum and to elucidate its hepatotoxicity. BHT metabolism was transcriptionally regulated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ( AHR ) and hormone receptor 96 ( HR96 ) pathways. Key enzymes included Phase I cytochrome P450 isoforms ( CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4 ) and the Phase II enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase ( UGT ). Metabolite…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Award: 32273106
• OU
  Ocean University of China