Emerging nano-immunotherapeutic strategies achieve metastatic colorectal cancer precision therapy

Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) poses significant therapeutic challenges due to its low immunogenicity, complex metastatic patterns, and highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Despite the success of immune checkpoint blockade in MSI-H tumors, most mCRC cases remain unresponsive, underscoring the need for novel immunomodulatory strategies. In this review, we first delineate the immunological and pathological hallmarks of mCRC metastases, highlighting organ-specific immune evasion mechanisms and actionable molecular targets. We then systematically categorize emerging nano-immunotherapeutic strategies into four major classes, including nanoparticle-based tumor vaccines for antigen presentation,…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Award: 82202330 and 82504242
• CP
  China Postdoctoral Science Foundation

  Award: 2023T160383