Nonlinear magneto-radiative bioconvection of Casson penta-hybrid nanofluid with microorganisms under inclined magnetic field and quadratic radiation for drug delivery

This study aims to explore the complex heat and mass transfer behavior in blood-based Casson penta hybrid nanofluid (PHNF) flow through a squeezing channel, with the novelty lying in the simultaneous consideration of inclined magnetic field, nonlinear thermal radiation, and microbial activity an integrated configuration not previously examined in literature. The work addresses a key research gap by analyzing how penta hybrid nanoparticles and microorganisms interact within a biofluid system, providing new insights into the coupled thermal, concentration, and biological transport mechanisms. The governing partial differential equations are systematically reduced to ordinary differential equations using…