From language to action: a review of large language models as autonomous agents and tool users

The pursuit of human-level artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly advanced the development of autonomous agents and Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs are now widely utilized as decision-making agents for their ability to interpret instructions, manage sequential tasks, and adapt through feedback. This review examines recent developments in employing LLMs as autonomous agents and tool users and comprises seven research questions. We only used the papers published between 2023 and 2025 in conferences of the A* and A-ranked and Q1 journals. A structured analysis of the LLM agents’ architectural design principles, dividing their applications into single-agent and multi-agent systems, and strategies for…

• CD
  Charles Darwin University