Dietary interventions and the gut microbiota: a systematic literature review of 80 controlled clinical trials

Abstract Background The gut microbiota are increasingly recognised as key mediators of diet-related health outcomes. This systematic review primarily aimed to comprehensively evaluate associations between dietary interventions and gut microbiota in healthy and clinical adult populations, utilising controlled trials. Secondary outcomes included biological markers measured in blood, faecal, and urine samples. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, using the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL (via EBSCOhost), and Scopus to gather controlled trials of dietary interventions that reported…