Standardization of Baseline and Provocative Invasive Hemodynamic Protocols for the Evaluation of Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Contemporary hemodynamic testing intersects with many aspects of cardiovascular disease management. There is a growing understanding that accurate diagnosis, phenotyping, and management of cardiogenic shock, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and pulmonary hypertension, and left ventricular assist device support, require both baseline and provocative invasive hemodynamic testing, and often serial measurements. However, there is limited consensus regarding the standardization and interpretation of hemodynamic data. Provocative hemodynamic studies-whether related to volume, drugs, exercise, or device speed-are similarly nonuniform. A frequent limitation to their routine use relates to a lack of…