Exploring the therapeutic potential of baicalin against MCF-7 breast cancer cells: biochemical, in vitro, and computational perspectives

Background Baicalin (BA), a flavonoid extracted from the dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis , is well known in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. However, its therapeutic potential in breast cancer needs to be evaluated systematically. Methods In this study, BA was isolated by probe sonication, bath-assisted sonication, and maceration. Chemical and structural characterisation was done by UV–VIS, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nuclear magnetic…