A review on machine learning-based precision agriculture techniques for crop farming monitoring with IOT

Precision agriculture, driven by advancements in machine learning (ML) and the Internet of Things (IoT), has revolutionized modern crop farming by enabling real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and data-driven decision-making. Despite the growing integration of machine learning and IoT in precision agriculture, challenges such as data heterogeneity, sensor reliability, computational complexity, and cybersecurity continue to hinder optimal system performance. This paper addresses the need for robust, scalable, and secure ML-IoT frameworks to enhance real-time decision-making and sustainability in modern farming. This review explores the integration of ML techniques with IoT-based precision agriculture…