articleACS Energy LettersJan 9, 2026Closed access

Boosting Tin-Perovskite Solar Cell Efficiency Using Direct Arylation Polymerized n-Type Organic Semiconductors As Superior Electron-Transporting Layers

TSTao ShenTLTianpeng LiYWYang WangCYChengjian YuanYZYing-Han Zhao

City University of Hong Kong · Fudan University · +3 more institutions

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Abstract

The electron-transporting layer (ETL) plays a crucial role in tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs). However, the high synthesis cost, low mobility, and poor photothermal stability of the widely adopted ETL indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA) limit TPSC development. Herein, we design and synthesize two n-type semiconducting polymers─PNDI-BT and PNDI-FBT─using direct arylation polymerization as alternative ETLs. Notably, the synthesis cost of PNDI-FBT is only 6% that of ICBA, making it a highly economical option. Both PNDI-BT and PNDI-FBT exhibit better performance compared to ICBA, offering cascade energy-level alignment, enhanced electron mobility, and improved photothermal stability. The fluorinated polymer…

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4
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44.01
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100%
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Topics
Keywords
  • Energy conversion efficiency
  • Photothermal therapy
  • Polymerization
  • Polymer
  • Cascade
  • Organic solar cell
  • Perovskite (structure)
  • Boosting (machine learning)
UN Sustainable Development Goals
  • Affordable and clean energy
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