Low-temperature ZnCl₂ activation of distinct Miscanthus lignin as highly-porous biochar assembly for efficient removal of organic dyes, tetracycline and Cr(VI)

Efficient removal of diverse organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater remains a critical challenge. Although lignocellulose-derived biochar is a green adsorbent, its selectivity and adsorptive capacity are still limited for large-scale application. As Miscanthus is a dedicated bioenergy crop providing abundant lignin-rich biomass, this study first extracted lignin fractions from two Miscanthus sacchariflorus accessions (Msa01 and Msa24) with distinct guaiacyl (G) and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) monomer proportions, and then generated biochar samples using ZnCl₂ as an activating agent at various temperatures. Among the total of 20 biochar samples obtained, two optimal biochar samples were obtained at 400°C, a…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China