articleACS Energy LettersJan 9, 2026Closed access

Helmholtz Plane Engineering Enables Dendrite-Free and Subzero-Stable Aqueous Zn Batteries

Changchun University of Science and Technology · Ministry of Education · +5 more institutions

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Abstract

The practical deployment of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) is hindered by uncontrolled zinc dendrite growth and poor low-temperature performance. Here, we introduce methanol (MeOH), whose dipole moment difference between the hydroxyl and methyl groups enables regulation of the anode-electrolyte interfacial chemistry by reconstructing the Helmholtz plane, thereby achieving stable AZIBs operation. MeOH modulates the Zn2+ solvation structure through competitive coordination with water, which reduces water polarization, enhances electrolyte stability, and increases entropy to increase low-temperature performance. In addition, selective adsorption and spatial hindrance by MeOH promote Zn deposition along the…

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