Abstract

The severe shortage of donor organs and limitations of current disease models highlight the urgent need for transformative strategies in tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine (RM). Bioprinting has emerged as a powerful approach for creating functional tissues and organs, yet current workflows remain labor-intensive, variable, and challenging to scale. The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), advanced bioprinting technologies, robotics, biosensing, and cutting-edge biological methods is catalyzing the development of self-driving bioprinting laboratories-a fully integrated, autonomous, closed-loop system capable of designing, fabricating, maturing, and assessing living tissue constructs, as…

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