High-performance spinel ferrites for supercapacitors: Solvothermal synthesis and electrochemical evaluation

Supercapacitors (SCs) are critical for sustainable energy storage due to their high power density and rapid charge-discharge capabilities, making them essential for renewable energy integration and electric vehicle applications. This study explores the solvothermal synthesis of spinel ferrites XFe 2 O 4 (X = Mn, Co, Ni) as electrode materials for SCs. Structural characterization through X-ray diffraction confirmed phase-pure cubic structures with lattice parameters of 0.851 nm (MnFe 2 O 4 ), 0.839 nm (CoFe 2 O 4 ), and 0.834 nm (NiFe 2 O₄), and crystallite sizes of 13.72 nm, 20.72 nm, and 11.86 nm, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed agglomerated nanoparticles for MnFe 2 O 4 and CoFe 2 O 4 ,…